The following figures will display the most common symbols found in process flow diagrams.įor process equipment, there are a few standard symbols that should be recognized by chemical engineers. Not only is the major equipment, such as distillation columns, reactors, and tanks, necessary to be shown in a PFD, so is the equipment such as the heat exchangers, the pumps, reactors, mixers, etc). One of the initial steps to creating a process flow diagram is to add all of the equipment that is in the plant. The following sections will describe how to catalog the necessary information for the equipment of the process topology. On a separate table, following the process flow diagram, the equipment must be labeled (see "Naming Equipment") and followed by a short description so that the engineer who is trying to understand the process flow will have a easier time following. It includes all of the connections between the equipment and how one stream is changed to another after it flows through a piece of equipment. Process topology is defined as the interactions and locations of the different equipment and streams. Each of the three aspects will be discussed in more details. The information that a process flow diagram conveys can be categorized into one of the following three groups. Molar percentage composition and/or molar flow ratesĬategorization of Information In a Process Flow Diagram.Composition, flow rate, pressure and temperature of every stream. Table 1: Information to Be Included in a Process Flow Diagram In Table 1, other types of essential information to the process flow diagram as well as the optional information that could be supplied to further detail the process are listed. All utility streams that supply energy to major equipment should be shown. A summary of the streams and their numbers should also be detailed on a separate table. On the process flow diagram, all streams should be labeled and identified with a number. For more details on how to name process equipment, see "Naming Equipment". Additionally, each piece of equipment should be named and listed on a table along with a description of the name. Notable information that should be included should be major process equipment and followed by a short description. On the process flow diagram, there are several pieces of information that must be included while there are some optional information that can be included to make the PFD more specific. The PFD differs from a block flow diagram (BFD) in that the PFD is more detailed and conveys more information than the BFD, which only gives a general sense of flow of information. The PFD shows the sequence of flow through a system through the various equipment (such as piping, instrumentation, and equipment design) and details the stream connections, stream flow rates and compositions and operating conditions through the plant layout. Additionally, the most effective way of relaying information about a process design is the use of process flow diagrams. It is absolutely necessary that chemical engineers know how to read process flow diagrams because it is the primary method of detailing the process and design information. The process flow diagram (PFD) is a critical component of process design.
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